Tampilkan postingan dengan label ELECTRONIC. Tampilkan semua postingan
Tampilkan postingan dengan label ELECTRONIC. Tampilkan semua postingan
Kamis, 23 November 2017
The History of the Laptop Computer
Laptops, also known as notebooks, are computers that can be carried about easily. Unlike desktops, they can be placed on the lap without stress. However, the laptops available today were not like that when they were first invented. Through the years, efforts were made to make them more appealing. A proper understanding of what laptops looked like can be gotten by studying their history. When you read about the history of the laptop you will see portable computers mentioned quite often. A portable computer is different from a laptop in that it was portable but was too big to be set on the lap; therefore portable computers are slightly different than laptops.
The first laptop was known as the Dynabook. It was invented in 1968 by Alan Kay. It was also called a tablet PC or slate computer because of its very flat shape. It was invented particularly for children to gain access to digital media. However, as years went by, it also became useful for more tasks such as operations documentation for the military.
The first portable computer was invented in April 1976 by Xerox PARC Company. This one was called the Xerox Note Taker because it was designed to implement new technology and show what could be done. People that helped in the design were Adele Goldberg, Douglas Fairbairn and Larry Tesler. It had slow processing speeds, mouse, floppy disk drive and very high cost of production.
The first laptop was known as the Dynabook. It was invented in 1968 by Alan Kay. It was also called a tablet PC or slate computer because of its very flat shape. It was invented particularly for children to gain access to digital media. However, as years went by, it also became useful for more tasks such as operations documentation for the military.
The first portable computer was invented in April 1976 by Xerox PARC Company. This one was called the Xerox Note Taker because it was designed to implement new technology and show what could be done. People that helped in the design were Adele Goldberg, Douglas Fairbairn and Larry Tesler. It had slow processing speeds, mouse, floppy disk drive and very high cost of production.
This invention was a good foundation for other computer corporations. In 1981, the Osborne Computer Corporation invented the first commercial portable computer. The name of this portable computer was Osborne 1. It was named after Adam Osborne, the designer of the product. The Osborne 1 was widely accepted as the first commercial portable computer because it weighed less than that of the Xerox Note Taker. Moreover, its foldable nature and lighter weight made it more appealing to several people who were ready to buy it. Software that came with Osborne 1 were CP/M utility, SuperCalc spreadsheet, WordStar word processing (combined with MailMerge) and digital research programming languages such as MBASIC and CBASIC. The costs of these programs were approximately $1,500 though the laptop was sold at about $1,795.
Many of the early laptops were based off of the first portable computers including the Xerox Note Taker and Osborne 1. Bondwell 2 was produced in 1985. It used CP/M as an operating system and a Z-80 CPU at four megahertz. It also had 64K RAM and 3.5 inches floppy disk drive. Bondwell 2 was one of the first laptops to have an LCD screen.
The Compaq portable was produced in 1983 by the Compaq Computer Corporation. It was the first portable computer produced by the company. Between 1981 and 1983, the Epson HX-20 became the most popular non clamshell laptop. EPSON HX-20 had 68 keys on the keyboard. Apart from electricity, it was also powered with nickel-cadmium batteries. Its RAM size was between 16KB and 32KB.
The Grid Compass was one of the most attractive laptops. In fact, a lot of people have the opinion that it was the first unique laptop. Bill Moggridge began its design in 1979 and finally released it in 1982. As a result of its high cost, many people were not able to afford it. Nevertheless, it was very important to the US military and NASA.
Another portable computer without a clamshell that was introduced in the 1980s was the TRS-80 model 100. It had a keyboard and LCD display, batteries as an alternative source of power and a very small size. It was first sold in Japan as Kyotronic 85 and some years later, Tandy Corporation took over the company to boost sales in the US, Canada and other countries worldwide.
Other noteworthy, early laptops were the Galivan SC and the Sharp PC-5000. These were both unveiled in 1983 but not sold until 1984. The Galivan model was the very first computer to actually be marketed as a laptop. These laptops were both IBM compatible but mainly ran on their own system software.
Today, laptops have become more useful than what they were known for in the past. This is because there have been many improvements over the years as technology has advanced. Operating systems have become much more advanced. Laptops have also gotten much smaller in size as technology has developed; they are much smaller and less weighty than their older counterparts. Laptops continue to improve as technology advances.
Today, laptops have become more useful than what they were known for in the past. This is because there have been many improvements over the years as technology has advanced. Operating systems have become much more advanced. Laptops have also gotten much smaller in size as technology has developed; they are much smaller and less weighty than their older counterparts. Laptops continue to improve as technology advances.
To learn more about the history of laptops, the following links will be helpful.
- Osborne 1: The link contains the selling price, year of invention, the inventor and other important details about the Osborne 1.
- Dynabook History: Some of the computers that were developed before the modern laptops include Dynabook, Osborne and slate computers.
- The Dynabook: The idea for the Dynabook began as early as the 1960s. Its design looks very different from what is obtainable today in the computer production.
- The GRiD Compass: Pictures and features of the first non-clamshell laptops- the GRiD Compass are illustrated on this page.
- The World's First Laptop: Osborne 1 is being regarded as the first true portable laptop in the world. The cost and features are described on the page.
- A Look at Laptop History: This PDF file contains information on how laptops developed between 1968 and 2010.
- 1983 Compaq Portable: The page shows the steps that led to the production of the Compaq Portable.
- Inventory of laptop screen types: Concise database of laptop models and the display types fitted to them.
Sumber:
http://www.laptop-lcd-screen.co.uk/shop/historyofthelaptopcomputer.asp
When were mobile phones first invented?
Mobile phones, particularly the smartphones that have become our inseparable companions today, are relatively new.However, the history of mobile phones goes back to 1908 when a US Patent was issued in Kentucky for a wireless telephone.
Mobile phones were invented as early as the 1940s when engineers working at AT&T developed cells for mobile phone base stations.
The very first mobile phones were not really mobile phones at all. They were two-way radios that allowed people like taxi drivers and the emergency services to communicate.
Instead of relying on base stations with separate cells (and the signal being passed from one cell to another), the first mobile phone networks involved one very powerful base station covering a much wider area.
Motorola, on 3 April 1973 were first company to mass produce the the first handheld mobile phone.
These early mobile phones are often referred to as 0G mobile phones, or Zero Generation mobile phones. Most phones today rely on 3G or 4G mobile technology.
Compare the latest mobile phones deals at uSwitch now.
The development of mobile phone technology
The first mobile phone invented for practical use was by a Motorola employee called Martin Cooper who is widely considered to be a key player in the history of mobile phones.
Handsets that could be used in a vehicle had been developed prior to Martin Cooper’s phone, but his was the first usable truly portable mobile telephone.
Cooper made mobile phone history in April 1973 when he made the first ever call on a handheld mobile phone.
Landmarks in early mobile phone history
- Japan became the first country to have a city-wide commercial cellular mobile phone network in 1979.
- The Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system launched in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland in 1981.
- The next major step in mobile phone history was in the mid-eighties with the First Generation (1G) fully automatic cellular networks were introduced.
- The first ever mobile phone to be approved by the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) in the USA was the Motorola DynaTac in 1983.
Modern mobiles
Mobile telephony developed in leaps and bounds over the next decade, particularly with the arrival of handover technology.
This allowed users to keep their connections as they travelled between base stations – so as a user walked from one mobile phone mast to another, the connection and conversation would not drop or be interrupted.
The birth of the Second Generation (2G) mobile phones was in Finland in 1993. It was also the year that the first SMS text messages were sent and that data services began to appear on mobile phones.
Mobiles that we use today are 3G mobiles, or Third Generation mobiles, or even more advanced 4G handsets.
3G launched in 2001 and allowed operators to offer a huge range of advanced services such as video calling and HSPA data transmission.
4G became commerically available in the UK in late 2012 and offers super fast connections and similarly speedy downloads.
Now the UK market has matured there are several network providers competing for business. These include:
Find out more about 4G phones here: Guide to 4G phones.
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)